Adenocarcinoma colorretal: aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos do crescimento tumoral, do citoesqueleto e de marcadores de regulação do pH intracelular / Colorectal adenocarcinoma:anatomopathological and imunohistochemical aspects of tumor growth, cytoskeleton and of intracellular pH regulator markers

Cristovam Scapulatempo Neto

The aims of this study in colorectal carcinoma were: 1) Verify the distribution of the most important anatomopathological variables, and identifying their relationship with lymph node or liver metastasis. 2) Considering the associations obtained in the first aim, a group of variables was selected to verify the prediction of lymph node or liver metastasis. 3) Analyze the immunoprofile of both markers associated with cytoarchitecture (keratins 7 and 20) and with tumor growth (proliferation and apoptosis using Ki-67 and cleaved keratin 18, respectively) in samples of nontumoral mucosa, primary adenocarcinoma, lymph node metastasis and liver metastasis, exploring the eventual relation with anatomopathological variables and tumor stage. 4) Look for possible associations between molecules related to intracellular pH control, as monocarboxylates transporters 1, 2 and 4, and the markers above mentioned and anatomopathological variables. One hundred and thirty nine colorectal carcinomas is the universe of the casuistic, 96 of them without liver metastasis and 39 metastatic to the liver was studied. Thirteen anatomopathological variables were selected and semi-quantified. We mannualy builted tissue microarrays (TMAs) of non tumoral mucosa, primary adenocarcinoma, lymph node metastasis and liver metastasis. The histological sections from the TMAs were submmitted to immunohistochemical study using antibodies against keratin 7 (K7), keratin 20 (K20), Ag Ki-67 and cleaved keratin 18. In 126 tumor paraffin blocks, 86 of which also had non tumoral mucosa were submitted to immunohistochemical stain using antibodies against monocarboxylate transportes 1, 2 and 4 (MCT1, MCT2 e MCT 4). Lymph node metastasis was associated with tumor infiltration across muscularis propria(p<0,001), moderate / intense desmoplasia(p=0,043), lymph vessel infiltration(p<0,001), venous infiltration (p<0,001) and perineural infiltration (p<0,001). Liver metastasis was statistically associated with tumor infiltration across muscularis propria and infiltrative tumor borders ( p=0,05). Few colorectal mucosa samples, as well as primary tumor and lymph node metastasis showed immunoexpression of K7, although we found statistically significant higher immunoexpression of K7 in liver metastasis as compared with primary carcinomas (p<0,001) and with lymph node metastasis (p=0,015). As expected, K20 was expressed in more than 90% of the samples examined. Higher Ki-67 rates were found in adenocarcinoma compared with normal mucosa (p<0,001). We did not find statistical differences of proliferation rates between neoplastic samples. Apoptotic index were higher in primary adenocarcinomas than in normal mucosa ( p<0,001), and was also higher in liver metastasis than in primary adenocarcinoma (p=0,022). We also found higher apoptotic index in tumors that measured more than 5 cm (p=0,005). Membranous and cytoplasmic expression of MCTs 1 and 4 were found more frequently expressed in adenocarcinoma than in non neoplastic mucosa (p<0,001). Membranous MCT1 expression was associated with lymph vessel infiltration (p=0,004), venous infiltration (p=0,018) and with higher apoptotic index. Lymphatic vessel infiltration and venous vessel infiltration were found as independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. Tumor infiltration across muscularis propria and infiltrative tumor borders were also independent risk factor for liver metastasis by multivariate analysis. Keratin 7 were more frequently expressed in liver metastasis samples than in lymph node metastasis and primary adenocarcinomas, indicating that the acquisition of K7 expression could be a late cytoskeleton alteration associated with higher tumor aggressiveness. Proliferation rates as well as higher frequency of apoptosis, showed increased expression from normal mucosa to primary adenocarcinoma and its respective metastasis. Finally, monocarboxylate transporters were higher expressed in adenocarcinoma samples than in normal mucosa samples indicating a probable role in the intracellular pH in colorectal neoplasia

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