Agrarian soil and sediment redistribution and quality in slopes with riparian forests: a case study for Goiatuba, Brazil / Redistribuição e qualidade de solos e sedimentos agrícolas em vertentes com mata ciliar: estudo de caso em Goiatuba (GO), Brasil

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Soil erosion is associated with environmental degradation because of inadequate use of natural resources in modern agriculture, thus promoting in and off-site impacts, represented by soil, water and nutrient losses, silting and contamination of riparian ecosystems. In the Brazilian Cerrado region these impacts become more evident by its fast conversion to agriculture and industrial monoculture crops, highly dependent on chemical supplies and technologies, improving the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate soil redistribution and sediment retention in riparian forests using the 137Cs assessment. The research site was composed of two transects in intensively commercial agricultural sites, one (Transect 1) under conventional tillage (SPC) and cotton, and the second (Transect 2) under no-tillage (SPD) and soybeans. Total and exchangeable amounts of Al, Ba, Co, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn, and the residue of the herbicide Diuron were determined along the cultivated slopes and deposition areas in the riparian forest. In Transect 1 the riparian forest was efficient in sediment retention, and deposition was in laminar runoff flow. The concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ba, S, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd and Ni were higher and significantly different in the riparian forest when compared to the erosional slopes (tested by Wicoxon, 5%). In the transect cultivated with soybeans, the irregular deposition and evidences of turbulent runoff pattern restricted deposition in the riparian areas, and the sediments could reach the river system after the riparian forest. In this transect only the Sulphur had higher concentrations in the riparian forest based on the Wilcoxon mean test at 5%. The opposite patterns observed in both areas suggest that the sediment retention efficiency of the riparian forest, even in equivalent soil and climate conditions, will depend on the length and slope of the erosional landscape, which will define runoff patterns; and on the quality and width of the riparian vegetation.

ASSUNTO(S)

soil – quality sedimentology riparian forest erosão sedimentologia erosion matas ciliares solos – qualidade

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