Análise de Impacto do Polimorfismo Genético do Subtipo C do HIV-1 na Interação da Protease Viral com o Inibidor Nelfinavir por Modelagem e Dinâmica Molecular / Analyse the Impact of Genetic Polymorphism of subtype C of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors in the Interaction Viral With the Inhibitor Nelfinavir by Modeling and Molecular Dynamics

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be divided into HIV-1 and HIV-2. The former can be divided into groups: M, N and O. Group M, which represents 90% of infections, is divided into several subtypes (A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J and K). It is known today that the most prevalent subtype in the world (and in Africa) is the subtype C, although the most studied is B (prevalent in the U.S. and Western Europe). Several stages the HIV-1 replicating cycle have been identified as a target for pharmacologic intervention. One of the main targets is the enzyme aspartyl protease (PR), which processes the viral polyproteins Gag and Gag-Pol. Its inhibition results in the formation of non-infectious virus particles. Currently 10 PR inhibitors are used in clinic. However, the emergence of resistance to these inhibitors leads to a therapeutic failure. Several mutated amino acid residues that are present in resistant isolates have been identified. One of such resistance mutations is the D30N, which confers primary resistance exclusively to nelfinavir, has been described in patients infected with subtype B. However, clinical and laboratory studies showed that virus of subtype C with the mutation D30N (CD30N) has low incidence in clinical and reduced adaptability in vitro. To try to understand these differences caused by mutation D30N in subtypes B and C, we studied the interaction of these PRs with the peptide KARVLAEAM (analogous to the natural substrate of cleavage between the protein the capsid (CA) and p2 of HIV-1) and with the inhibitor nelfinavir. We have also studied the PR CD30N with the compensatory mutations N83T or N88D, found in vitro and in vivo, respectively, which occur when the subtype C acquires the mutation D30N. This work aimed to study the molecular and atomic mechanisms of mutation D30N in the PR of subtypes B and C. The results showed that the inhibitor and backbone of models BD30N and CD30N/N83T possessed the greatest variation, with respect to the initial structure. Although the mutants CD30N and CD30N/N88T have not suffered similar variations, they showed, as well as the other two mutants, a reduction in the intensity of the h-bonds that occur between PR and inhibitor which are located near the catalytic and the flaps regions. Also, all mutants had reduced hydrophobic contacts between the receptor and the ligand. Some data indicated that the flap of one of the chains is highly immobile in a model CD30N suggesting the mutation D30N impairs the contact of flap with the substrate in subtype C. Also, the analysis of the PR structure interacting with the substrate, indicated that the CD30N mutant has one of its α-helix regions unstructured, which can be directly associated with substrate cleavage. Our work provides important insights in to the effect of D30N mutation in the PR structure of the subtype C, and on its interaction with the substrate and the inhibitor. These data confirm and explain, at least in part, the smaller incidence of the studied mutation in that genetic subtype of HIV-1.

ASSUNTO(S)

hiv-1 dinâmica molecular enzyme aspartyl protease pr molecular dynamics nelfinavir nelfinavir enzimas proteolíticas ciencia da computacao

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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