Analysis of environmental sustainability of the superficial freshwater classification system / Análise da sustentabilidade ambiental do sistema de classificação das águas doces superficiais

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Brazil is a country endowed with great superficial water reserves and aquatic biodiversity, despite its unequal distribution among diverse hydrographic regions. In view of the sustainable development concept established in many international environment and water treated, objectified to the aquatic ecosystems preservation and the equitable distribution of the water uses benefits, the national water policy (Law nº 9433/97) determined the objectives and the regulatory and economic instruments that guide the sustainable use of these resources. Among these instruments, are distinguished in this work those directly related to the water quality management, as the definition of superficial water quality standards, regulated in CONAMA Resolution nº 20/86 (revoked by CONAMA Resolution nº 357/05), and the superficial water bodies framing, regulated in CNRH Resolution nº 12/00. From the knowledge on the new paradigms that structuralize the water quality management systems in countries with tradition in its implementation, it was looked to develop a critical analysis of the brazilian water quality management system, under the institutional point of view and of the instruments legally constituted to implement it, with approach for the superficial freshwater classification systems, considering the objectives and criteria of water quality adopted and the monitoring systems. For the accomplishment of the objectives considered in this work, it was proceeded the bibliographical revision from documents makers of the water management objectives in a world-wide scope, searching to identify the principles that guide the water quality management systems in a global scale; analysis of water quality management systems in reference countries, as United States of America, Canada, European Union, United Kingdom, France, Australia and New Zealand, with intention to identify the new trends of water quality management; analysis of brazilian water quality management system in the aspects of availabilities and demands, institutional and legal organization, objectives, parameters and water standards, classification system and superficial freshwater framing, searching to identify the main problems and challenges of management. There were evidenced technical, legal, economic, social and institutional impediments, as: articulation lack between water and environment policies instruments and between managing agencies; difficulties in the establishment of committees and basins agencies, indispensables for the system effectiveness; incongruity among water quality protective objectives and the existence of permissive quality classes; development of water quality standards considering only the water microbiological and physicist-chemistries proprieties, disrespecting its ecosystem characteristics; beyond the imbalance in the environment information and water quality monitoring systems in all country. From the diagnosis carried through in this work, one searched to raise recommendations for the perfectioning of the system in view of the fulfilment of Brazilian water and environmental policies sustainability objectives.

ASSUNTO(S)

freshwater classification classificação das águas doces water quality management enquadramento dos corpos de água gestão da qualidade hídrica

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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