Aquisição e resistência a mudança dos operantes variar e repetir

AUTOR(ES)

Alessandra da Silva Souza

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of extinction and independent reinforcers upon the acquisition and resistance to change of variation and repetition in humans. College students were required to emit sequences of responses to produce reinforcers according to the criterion of the phase in effect (presented in an ABA or a BAB design). In Phase A, for the Vary Group, less frequent and less recent sequences were eligible for reinforcement (Var); for the Repeat Group, reinforcers were dependent on the emission of an unique sequence (Rep). In Phase B, one of two procedures was in effect: extinction (Ext), i.e., no sequences generated reinforcers; or independent reinforcers (Ind), in which 50% of the sequences were followed by reinforcers despite of the variability level. Combining those phases resulted in four Vary subgroups (Var-Ext-Var, Var-Ind-Var, Ext-Var-Ext, and Ind-Var-Ind), and four Repeat subgroups (Rep-Ext-Rep, Rep-Ind-Rep, Ext-Rep-Ext, and Ind-Rep-Ind). With respect to acquisition, high and low levels of variation were gradually acquired with Var and Rep contingencies, respectively. The extinction history impaired vary acquisition, but not repeat acquisition, while the independent-reinforcer history did not affect acquisition of those operants. With respect to resistance-to-change, variability measures showed greater resistance to extinction and independent reinforcers for variation than for repetition. Finally, both extinction and independent reinforcers generated variation; however, the levels of variability produced by independent reinforcers, but not by extinction, were affected by previous exposure to variation and repetition. In sum, those results corroborate and extend current findings by demonstrating, with humans, that: (a) an extinction history differentially affects the acquisition of variation and repetition, but the same is not observed with a history of independent reinforcers; (b) behavioral variation and repetition are differentially sensitive to environmental changes; and (c) the effects of independent reinforcers are modulated by the reinforcement history.

ASSUNTO(S)

acquisition reforços independentes resistência a mudança repetição psicologia repetition extinction aquisição variação variation extinção resistance-to-change independent reinforcers

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