Atividade quimiopreventiva do farnesol e geraniol em ratos Wistar submetidos ao modelo de hepatocarcinogênese do hepatócito resistente" / Farnesol and gernariol chemopreventive activity in Wistar rats submitted to the "resistant hepatocyte"model of hepatocarcinogenesis

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

In the present study, the chemopreventive activity of farnesol (FR) and geraniol (GR), isoprenoids present in fruits and herbs, was evaluated when administered to Wistar rats during the initiation and/or selection/promotion phases of the "resistant hepatocyte" (RH) model of hepatocarcinogenesis. In Experimental Protocol 1, animals received during 8 consecutive weeks, continuously during the initiation and selection/promotion phases, by gavage and dissolved in corn oil (CO): FR (25 mg/100g9 body weight [b.w.]; FR group) or GR (25 mg/100 g de b.w.; GR group). Moreover, 1 group received during the same period, by gavage, only CO (0,25 mL/100 g de b.w.; CO group; controls). Two weeks after the beginning of the treatments, all groups were submitted to the RH model. Initiation was obtained by administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 20 mg/100 g b.w.) followed, 2 weeks after, by the administration of 4 consecutive doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF; .2.5 mg/100 b.w.) and by a partial (70%) hepatectomy (PH). Finally, 2 and 4 days after PH, 2 additional 2-AAF doses (2 mg/100 g b.w.) were administered. Six weeks after initiation with DEN, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed by exsanguination. Two hours before sacrifice, the rats received 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (10 mg/100 g b.w.). According to the macroscopic examination of the livers, and compared to CO group, FR inhibited the incidence (P<0.05) and mean number (P<0.05) of visible hepatic preneoplastic lesions (PNL). Regarding GR group, only a suggestion of inhibition of visible PNL incidence and mean number was observed. Morphometrical analysis of total (persitent and remodeling) glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive PNL showed that compared to CO group, FR group presented with smaller total GST-P positive PNL (p<0.05) that occupied a smaller area of the liver section (p<0.05). Also compared to CO group, GR group presented with smaller total GST-P positive PNL (p<0.05) and a suggestion of reduction of the liver section area occupied by these LPN was observed. Compared to CO group, FR and GR inhibited (p<0.05) PNL cell proliferation, whereas only GR induced (p<0.05) apoptosis in these PNL. Furthermore, hepatic DNA damage was lower (p<0.05) in FR or GR treated animals, compared to CO treated ones (controls). Animal treatment with FR, but not with GR, inhibited (p<0,05) total plasma cholesterol levels. Farnesoid X activated receptor (FXR) expression analysis by western blot did not reveal differences (p>0,05) between the different groups. In the Experimental Protocol 2, rats received only for 2 consecutive weeks during the initiation phase, and by gavage: FR (25 mg/100 g body weight b.w.; FRi group), GR (25 mg/100 g de b.w.; GRi group) or CO (0,25 mL/100 g de b.w.; COi group; controls) being submitted to the RH model as described for Experimental Protocol 1. Six weeks after initiation with DEN, the animals were sacrificed. According to the macroscopic examination of the livers, no differences (p>0.05) were observed among the different groups regarding the incidence of visible PNL. In FRi and GRi groups a suggestion of higher number of visible PNL was observed, when compared to COi group (controls). Also compared to COi group, GRi group presented with smaller (p<0.05) number of total (persistente + remodeling) GST-P positive PNL, whereas in FRi group a suggestion of smaller number of these visible PNL was observed. Moreover, compared to COi group, FRi and GRi groups presented with total (persistent + remodelling) GST-P positive PNL with greater (p<0,05) size, and a suggestion of greater area of the liver section occupied by these GST -P positive PNL was observed. No differences (p>0.05) among the different groups were observed regarding hepatic DNA concentration. In Experimental Protocol 3, rats were first initiated with DEN (20 mg/100 g de b.w.). After 2 weeks, animals received by gavage for 6 consecutive weeks during the selection/promotion phase: FR (25 mg/100 g body weight b.w.; FRs/p group), GR (25 mg/100 g de b.w.; GRs/p group) or CO (0,25 Ml/100 g de b.w.; COs/p group; controls). In this experiment animals received 2-AAF doses and were submitted to PH 4 weeks after initiation with DEN. Six weeks after initiation with DEN, the animals were sacrificed. Compared to COs/p group (controls), a suggestion of smaller visible PNL mean number was observed in FRs/p e GRs/p groups. No differences (p>0.05) among the different groups were observed regarding visible PNL incidence; regarding number, size and liver section occupied by total (persistent + remodeling) GST-P positive PNL; and regarding hepatic DNA concentration. According to the results of the study, FR chemopreventive activity was considered pronounced when administered to Wistar rats continuously during the initiation and selection/promotion phases of the RH model of hepatocarcinogenesis (Experimental Protocol 1). In these same conditions, GR chemopreventive activity was considered moderate. Cell proliferation and DNA damage inhibition seem to be involved with FR and GR anticarcinogenic actions, whereas apoptosis induction seems to represent a GR specific mechanism. Furthermore, FR and GR protective actions do not seem to involve alterations in FXR expression. Finally, when administered specifically during the initiation (Experimental Protocol 2) or selection/promotion (Experimental Protocol 3) phase, both isoprenoids did not present effective chemopreventive activity. Thus, in Wistar rats submitted to the RH model, FR or GR should be administered continuously during the initiation and selection/promotion phases in order to obtain chemopreventive activities.

ASSUNTO(S)

hepatocarcinogenesis neoplasia farnesol geraniol isoprenoids neoplasia hepatocarcinogênese isoprenóides geraniol farnesol chemoprevention quimioprevenção

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