Behavior of B, Zn, Cu, Mn e Pb in contaminated soil under plant cultivation and organic matter addition for metal toxicity amelioration / Comportamento de B, Zn, Cu, Mn e Pb em solo contaminado sob cultivo de plantas e adição de fontes de matéria orgânica como amenizantes do efeito tóxico

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Two pot trials were carried out using a heavy metal accidentally contaminated soil. In the first one it was evaluated the plant absorbing, translocating and accumulating power for zinc, copper, manganese, lead and boron by the following vegetal species: Brassica juncea, Raphunus sativus L., Hybiscus cannabinus and Amaranthus crentus, so they could help in the rehabilitation of the studied soil. In the second pot trial it was evaluated the application of the following organic materials: Solomax, peat, and humic mineral concentrate for heavy metal toxicity amelioration for Brassica juncea. In a laboratory experiment it was evaluated the zinc retention capacity for the above mentioned organic materials. The measured variables were plant dry matter yield, absorbed and accumulated amounts of Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and B; the translocation index and the removal index of metal by the mentioned plant species. The total and available (DTPA and CaCl2 001 mol L-1) content of Zn, Cu, Mn and Pb, were determined in soil samples. Concerning the soil saturation extract, the soluble and free forms of the mentioned elements were determined by ICPOES and capillary electrophoresis respectively. The same metals were also determined in the plant tissue of Brassica juncea. Analytical results were introduced in the chemical equilibrium program MINTEQ in order to calculate the concentration of the free forms of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Pb. A fractioning scheme for metals in soil was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of adding sources of organic carbon. The Freundlich model was used to account for zinc adsorption by the studied organic materials and the distribution coefficient Kd was also calculated. Although the plant species were able to accumulate high amounts of metal in the aerial part, that could not be considered as a hipper-accumulation process. The highest metal removal indexes were observed for Brassica juncea and Amaranthus crentus. Organic materials showed high values of Kd, reflecting its high affinity for zinc and a great capacity of zinc immobilization as well. Freundlich model was very effective in describing the adsorption isotherms as indicated by the high determination coefficients. Zinc retention was affected by the organic material type and pH, being favored by the highest studied pH values. Peat and humic mineral concentrate reduced the amounts of metals extracted by DTPA and CaCl2 in soil but the reduction was not great enough to avoid toxic effects in plants. Zn and Mn were present mostly as free cations in soil saturation extract while Pb and Cu were complexed by dissolved organic matter. It was not detected any significant correlation between free metal contents directly determined by capillary electrophoresis and those estimated by MINTEQ. Metal sequential extraction showed that most of them occurred in the least available fractions of soil. Peat and humic mineral concentrate application to soil associated with Amaranthus crentus and Brassica juncea cultivation may be used in long term amelioration of soils contaminated with Zn, Mn, Pb and B.

ASSUNTO(S)

kd íons sequential extraction adsorption metal speciation cultivo de plantas reabilitação de áreas degradadas toxicidade do solo matéria orgânica metal pesado do solo boron phytoremediation peat boro heavy metals

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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