Crescimento e produtividade do cafeeiro sombreado e a pleno sol / Growth and productivity of coffee plants under shade and full sun
AUTOR(ES)
Aureny Maria Pereira Lunz
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2006
RESUMO
Coffee is an important exporting agricultural commodity in the world and the Brazil is in a leading position as the worlds largest exporting producer. However, the product is quite vulnerable to market price floating. In that scenario, diversifying products can be an important strategy to keep the economic equilibrium of the property. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of solar radiation on the growth and production of coffee (Coffea arabica L.), as well as coffee quality. The research was conducted from January 2002 to August 2005 at ESALQ/USP, in Piracicaba-SP (22°4230 S, 47°3800 W altitude 550 m). The experiment comprised an adult rubber tree, clone PB 235, and coffee cv Obatã IAC 1669-20, grown in January 2002 in a rubber tree understory, interfacing with rubber trees and monocrop trees (sun exposed). The treatments included a 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 80, 90, 95, 98, 99 and 100% luminosity gradient, formed by coffee plant rows grown at different distances from the rubber trees, both within and interfacing with the rubber tree plantation and monocrop (full sun). The experimental design was that of random blocks with 11 treatments and 4 replications. The analyzed variables were those related to growth (trunk and crown diameter, initial height of canopy, plant height, total leaf area, above-ground dry mass, number of branches and nodes and internodes length, single leaf area, NAR, LAR, SLA, LAI, G and RGR,) and coffee production (productivity, yield and rate of biannual production), as well as those related to coffee quality (fruit maturity, bean size and sensorial analysis of the beverage). The coffee growth and productivity, as well as the quality, were modified by irradiance availability. The growth and the productivity increased with the solar radiation increment. The irradiance increment starting from 70% practically did not change the accumulation of the plant above-ground dry mass and under high shading the dry mass was very low. The productivity of the coffee plant chanded a little starting from 60% of radiation and the approximately 70% were stabilized. Instead, a coffee quality improvement was observed as shading was intensified, with more maturation uniformity fruit, larger grains and better quality drink.
ASSUNTO(S)
produtividade rubber tree plant growth yield agroforest system café radiação solar shading sistema agroflorestal solar radiation crescimento vegetal seringueira coffee sombreamento
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