Desacidificação de oleos vegetais por extração liquido-liquido : equilibrio de fases e simulação do processo

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

Vegetable oils can be deacidified by conventional process such as aIkaline and physical refining. AIkaline refining is applicable for all raw materiaIs, however, it can result in great losses of neutral oil. For high acidity oils, physical refining is aIso a possibility, but can cause undesirable alterations in color and reduction of stability to oxidation. Another possibility is the deacidification through liquid-liquid extraction, process carried out at room temperature and atmosferic pressure. A knowledge of the liquid-liquid equilibrium of vegetable oils, fatty acids and solvents is important for the design of adequate equipments for the implementation of the liquid-liquid extraction. In the present work, NRTL and UNIQUAC models were adjusted to experimental data for systems of canola oil, oleic acid and short chain alcohols. Some UNIFAC and ASOG group interaction parameters were aIso adjusted to ternary experimental data and these parameters allowed a quite sucessful prediction of liquid-liquid equilibrium for multicomponent systems.The diglyceride transfer and loss of triglycerides to the extract phase were calculated and presented a good agreement with the experimental data. The algorithm developed by Naphtali and Sandholm was adapted to liquid-liquid extraction. The results obtained indicate the best conditions for deacidification by solvent extraction. The solvent to crude oil ratio, the number of stages and the water percent in ethanol could be selected to reach the ftee fatty acids content lower than 0.3 % in the refined oil with minimum losses of neutral oil. Factorial design and surface analysis response were used as a powerful tool in the optimization of the liquid-liquid extraction

ASSUNTO(S)

acidos graxos extração por solventes oleos e gorduras equilibrio liquido-liquido

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