Do dois ao sem-segundo: Sankara e o Advaita-Vedanta / Analysis of discursive strategies of Çaikara, philosopher of medieval Hinduism (ca. 788-820 a.C.): Sankara e o Advaita-vedänta

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse and demonstrate those discursive strategies through which Çaìkara, the famous philosopher of medieval Hinduism (circa 788-820 a.C.), has formulated the monistic doctrine of Advaita-vedänta, to which purpose he has elaborated a dialogical discourse in relation to some of the main dualistic and ritualistic opposing doctrines of his time: the Säàkhya-Yoga-darçana and the Mémäàsä-darçana, respectively. Our analysis of the sanskrit texts in which Çaìkara interprets the vedic scriptures is based on the theories of discourse, on the principles of the French school of Semiotics and also on studies of intertextuality. This inedit analysis intends to: (1) - analyse the inter-relation of concepts in the fundamental level of significance that can build a monistic discourse, in spite of those irreductible binary categories that govern human language and reasoning; (2) - examine those mechanisms of persuasion and argumentation which are constant in Çaìkaras writings and which help to build specific interpretations of the vedic scriptures, refuting at the same time the points of view of other doctrines. The first part of the thesis, entitled "The revelation of One", gives a synthesis of the cultural heritage which is pressuposed in the reading of Çaìkaras writings, and afterwards makes a semiotic analysis, on the fundamental level, of the concept of Absolute or "one-without-a-second", Brahman, according to the way its given by the Upaniñad texts and interpreted by Çaìkara. In the second part of the thesis, entitled "Paths of the Two", are analysed some of those discoursive and intertextual mechanisms through which the thinker can re-signify and assimilate into his monistic doctrine the relative universe and those binary and ternary categories according to what was postulated by other doctrines of his cultural heritage. The thesis contributes to demonstrate that the theories of discourse are valid instruments in the process of analysis of those mechanisms through which verbal language can create and express abstract concepts which, at first, are not aprehensible in the world of phenomenae. The work has also the purpose of adding to brazilian bibliography, under an inedit approach, texts belonging to an important aspect of sanskrit culture.

ASSUNTO(S)

advaita-ved tnta; Çaìkara; sanskrit culture; semiotics; theory of discourse advaita-ved tnta; Çaìkara; cultura sânscrita; semiótica; teoria do discurso

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