Efeitos dos custos de transporte e das barreiras comerciais no comercio internacional de café verde / Transport costs and trade barriers effects in green coffee international trade

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The coffee, for being product used all over the world, it possesses great prominence in the international trade. Though, as well as in other agricultural products, the producing of coffee are subject to high expenses related with the transport of the grain and with trade barriers, factors that restrict their exports. Like this, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the transport costs and commercial barriers effects on the green coffee international trade of Brazil and of the main countries exporters. The used theoretical reference based on theories of the international trade that explain the transport costs and the trade barriers, in the model of Heckscher-Ohlin (HO) and in the models of growing returns to the scale and comparative advantages. The tools used as analytical reference were functions of transport costs and of the approach of gravity models. The results corroborated the expectations that the variables geographical, distance and coast absence, affect in a positive way the green coffee transport costs. Through a descriptive analysis of the commercial politics, tariffs and notifications TBT and SPS that happened on the green coffee international trade, was possible to verify that the same ones are still made presents in a considerable way in such trade, in spite of a significant number of importers they adopt not them. As the expected, was observed that so much the tariffs ad valorem, as for the notifications they possessed inverse relationship with the Brazilian and world coffee exports. They were, still, measured the equivalent ones tariff of the notifications TBT and SPS, that there was in the period between 2000 and 2006. The found estimates pointed that, if them referred notifications could be quantified as tariffs to the trade, their taxes ad valorem would be corresponding to 25.06% and 25.11%, respectively, for each one of the models that evaluated the Brazilian exports and, 1.05% and 1.76%, for the five main green coffee exporters of world (Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam, Guatemala and Indonesia). With base in these results and in the relative ones at the transport costs, it can be concluded that such factors reached the green coffee international trade considerably and they were configured as barriers to this international trade. As for the notifications to the Agreement TBT and applied SPS about the exports of the product in analysis, they were observed that these were also characterized as commercial barriers, although they could have contributed to the expansion of the trade, since they allow the standardization of the product in agreement with appropriate and necessary technical and sanitary norms. Finally, the results found in this study allow quantitative evaluations and better understanding of the effects that the costs of transports and the commercial barriers possess on the international trade of green coffee. For consequence, they collaborate for actions that seek to minimize the current losses of these factors in the external trade of the coffee section.

ASSUNTO(S)

exportações equivalente tarifário gravity models coffee modelo de gravidade economia internacional exports café tariff equivalent

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