Eficiência agronômica de fertilizantes fosfatados em solos com diferentes capacidades de adsorção de fósforo e teores de matéria orgânica / Agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizers in soils with different capacity of phosphate adsorption and organic matter levels

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Tropical soils highly intemperized show increased capability on phosphorus (P) adsorption. Several factors may influence P adsorption in such soils, but special attention must be paid on the organic matter level. Mechanisms involved in this process are related to the release of organic acids derived from the decomposition of the organic matter, which may either have low molecular weight such as malic acids, oxalate and citrates; or may have high molecular weight such as humic and fulvic acids, that act in the complexation of ferric iron and aluminum either in solutions or on colloids surfaces, which, due to a shift of ligands, decrease P adsorption. This research work is comprised by four different studies, all of them performed under greenhouse conditions in the Department of Soil Sciences at ESALQ/USP, mainly aiming to: (i) verify the effect of the addition of organic acids and sources of humic substances on the availability of P in soils with different adsorption capacity. Treatments were performed in two types of soils (Red- Yellow Latosol LVA and LV), two sources of P (monocalcium phosphate - FMC p.a. - and Arad-reactive natural phosphate - FNR), 2 sources of low molecular weight organic acids - AOBM - (citric acid and oxalic acid) and 2 sources of humic substances (soil organic conditioner - CO - and peat - TF). Doses of AOBM were 0, 2, 4 and 8 mmol kg-1, doses of CO were 0, 150, 300 and 600 L ha-1 and doses of TF were 0, 20, 40 and 80 t ha-1; (ii) evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus sources with variable water solubility, with and without the addition of organic matter. Treatments consisted of two kinds of soils (LVA and LV), two sources of P (triple superphosphate - SFT - and reactive natural phosphate - FNR), three doses of P (0, 50 and 100 mg kg-1) and three doses of peat, corresponding to 0, 25 and 50 t ha-1; (iii) evaluate the effect of the addition of humic substances sources on the agronomic efficiency of P sources. Treatments consisted of 2 soils (LVA e LV), 2 sources of P (SFT and FNR) and 2 sources of humic substances - FSH (CO and TF); and (iv) evaluate the effect of the addition and the way of application of citric acid on the agronomic efficiency of P sources. Citric acid was added in doses corresponding to 0, 4 and 8 mmol kg-1 AC, and exposure methods assessed were: (a) planting (full AC dose applied during planting); (b) reposition = planting + reposition (full AC dose was applied during planting, with the reposition of AC on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day corresponding to 50% of initials doses; (c) partitioned (AC doses were partitioned in four times). Results obtained allowed us to conclude that the addition of low molecular weight organic acids and humic substances sources increased the availability of P, with grater effects in soils of low capacity of P adsorption. The increase on relative agronomic efficiency after the addition of peat was higher for reactive natural phosphate, when compared to triple superphosphate. Agronomic efficiency of SFT and FNR sources is higher when compared to peat addition. Relative agronomic efficiency of SFT and FNR sources was higher with the repositioning of AC, when compared to the exposure to a single dose during planting or partitioned.

ASSUNTO(S)

soil. humus húmus adsorption phosphate fertilizers fertilizantes fosfatados matéria orgânica do solo adsorção solos. organic matter

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados