Enantiosseletividade no metabolismo do citalopram associado a inibidores do CYP: estudos clínicos e experimental / Enantioselectivity in the metabolism of citalopram combined with CYP inhibitors: clinical and experimental studies

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Citalopram (CITA), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is available for clinical use as a racemic mixture of the (+)-(S) and (-)-(R) enantiomers or as the pure (+)-(S)-CITA enantiomer. CITA is metabolized by CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A to demethylcitalopram (DCITA) and by CYP2D6 to didemethylcitalopram. The present study investigated the influence of enzyme inhibitors on the enantioselective metabolism of CITA in rats and healthy volunteers. Male Wistar rats (n=6 for each group) received a single dose of 20 mg/kg CITA (control group) or were pretreated with 80 mg/kg quinidine (quinidine group), 10 mg/kg fluvoxamine (fluvoxamine group), or 50 mg/kg ketoconazole (ketoconazole group). Blood samples were collected from the animals up to 20 h after the administration of CITA. Healthy volunteers phenotyped as extensive metabolizers of CYP2C19 (omeprazole as marker drug) and of CYP2D6 (debrisoquine as marker drug) and those with normal CYP3A activity (midazolam as marker drug) received a single oral dose of 20 mg racemic CITA combined or not with omeprazole (20 mg/day for 18 days). The CITA and DCITA enantiomers were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a Chiralcel OD-R chiral column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile:methanol:water (30:30:40, v/v/v) containing 0.05% diethylamine. The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.1-20 ng of each CITA and DCITA enantiomer/mL human plasma and of 0.1-500 ng of each CITA and DCITA enantiomer/mL rat plasma. Accuracy and precision were below the acceptance limits of 15% for human and rat plasma. The kinetic disposition of CITA was enantioselective in rats of the control (AUCS/R ratio = 0.4), quinidine (AUCS/R ratio = 0.5) and ketoconazole (AUCS/R ratio = 0.8) groups. The inhibition of CYP2D by quinidine resulted in the non-enantioselective inhibition of the metabolism of CITA and DCITA. The inhibition of CYP2C by fluvoxamine and of CYP3A by ketoconazole only inhibited the metabolism of (+)-(S)-CITA. The kinetic disposition of CITA in healthy volunteers was enantioselective in the absence of treatment with omeprazole, with the observation of a higher plasma proportion of the (-)-(R)-CITA enantiomer. The AUCS/R ratio was 0.56 for CITA and 1.06 for the DCITA metabolite. The administration of racemic CITA to healthy volunteers treated with omeprazole showed a loss of enantioselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of CITA. The AUCS/R ratio was 0.96 for CITA and 0.92 for DCITA. The administration of multiple doses of omeprazole to healthy volunteers enantioselectively inhibited the metabolism of the (+)-(S)-CITA eutomer, with an approximately 140% increase of plasma concentrations

ASSUNTO(S)

citalopram citalopram enantiomers omeprazole omeprazol farmacocinética pharmacokinetic enantiômeros

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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