Estrutura e reatividade de sulfóxidos de rutênio com bases heterocíclicas nitrogenadas / Structure and reactivity of ruthenium sulfoxides containing nitrogen heterocyclic bases

Denise de Oliveira

Ruthenium(II) sulfoxides are compounds of great interest in oxidative catalysis and in chemotherapy. In order to contribute for the understanding of the chemistry and electronic structure of this class of compounds, it has been studied a series of [RuCl2(S-dmso)2Lx] complexes, where x = 1 (polymeric compounds) or 2 (monomers) and L = N-heterocyclic ligands (pyridine, pyrazine and imidazole derivatives). The complexes were synthesized from [RuCl2(S-dmso)3(O-dmso)]. A mixture of geometrical isomers was obtained in the monomeric products, consisting of two species, exhibiting cis-Cl,cis-S, trans-N and cis-Cl, cis-S, cis-N configurations. Microanalysis and spectroscopical data provided no information on the existenee of the isomers. However, they were identified and characterized based on cyclic voltammetry and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, by comparison with the 2,6-dimethylpyrazine derivative, which was isolated as apure trans-N isomer as well as a mixture of isomers. The dmso ligand coordenates to Ru(II) by the sulfur atom (v(SO): 1070 - 1100 cm-1) in all the complexes. Three Ru(II)→ L charge transfer bands (TC) are observed in the 290 to 450 nm region, as expected for a C2V microssymmetry for both isomers. The band energies of the cis-N isomers are smaller than those of trans-N, showing that Ru(II)→ L π-backdonation is stronger when N-heterocyclic ligands exhibit cis configuration. The redox potential values (E) are high (0,9 to 1,5 V vs EPH. (EPH) in acetonitrile) due to the contribution of the Ru(II)→ S-dmso π-backdonation to the HOMO stabilization. Linear correlations between E and pKa(L) can be observed for both isomers, exhibiting a decrease of the potentials with the increase in the σ-donor capability of L. The correlation between E and TC band energies is also good showing that as the Ru(II)→ L π-backdonation decreases, the E values decrease. TC band energies increase linearly with the pKa of ligands. The nature of N-heterocyclic ligand and their coordenation are of great relevance to the stability, spectroscopic and electrochemical characteristics of the complexes. The trans-interactions are extremely important in this series, influencing the strength of the Ru(II)→ S-dmso and Ru(II)→ L π-backdonation. The dmso and L Iigands are π-acceptors. The metal→ ligand π-backdonation is strengthened when the Iigand is trans to chloride, which is π-donor, due to trans-cooperative interactions of the type: π-donor → Ru(II)→ π-acceptor. The sulfoxide is important for the stabilization of the π levels of the ruthenium ion. The weak coupling observed for the Ru and Fe metallic centers in the polynuclear species formed between the [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(pyrazine)2] complex and the [Fe(CN)5]3- ion is indicative of a decrease of the π-levels of Ru(II) with respect to those of the Fe(II) ions. Another interesting aspect in the series of [RuCl2(S-dmso)2L2] complexes is the occurrence of dissociative equilibria in the solution, due to the existence of three types of ligands. It was observed that the trans-N isomer of 2,6-dimethylpyrazine derivative undergoes thermal substitution, with preferential labilization of the N-heterocyclic ligand. Chloride ion is the most inert ligand in this complex.

Estrutura e reatividade de sulfóxidos de rutênio com bases heterocíclicas nitrogenadas / Structure and reactivity of ruthenium sulfoxides containing nitrogen heterocyclic bases

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