Estudo comparativo da composição das partículas ambientais depositadas e retidas nos pulmões e linfonodos hilares pulmonares / Comparative study of the composition of the ambient particles deposited and retained in the lungs and hylar lymph nodes

AUTOR(ES)

Mauro Tadeu Ajaj Saieg

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Prolonged exposure to ambient particles is associated with premature mortality due to cardio respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Size and composition of these particles determine toxicity, aggravated by their long term retention in the lungs. In this context, it is plausible to postulate that different particles with different elemental composition must have distinct distribution patterns along the bronchial tree. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) appears as a rapid and efficient alternative for obtaining representative lung tissue for particle analysis. OBJECTIVES: To test laser capture microdissection (LCM) as a new tool for studying particle retention, comparing to a classical method using paraffin sections (PS). To compare the elemental profile of particles retained along the bronchial tree and lymph nodes in two cities with distinct pollution backgrounds by using LCM, through energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Twenty-four right lung middle lobes from autopsied cases were obtained in two cities with different pollution backgrounds. Lung samples were collected from three distinct regions in the lungs at the time of autopsy: peribronchial tissue, peripheral parenchyma and hylar lymph nodes. For PS, analysis was performed in areas visualized in the SEM correspondent to anthracotic areas. These areas of anthracosis were also microdissected using LCM and analyzed for elemental composition through EDX allied to SEM. RESULTS: When the two methods were compared, the majority of the elements showing significant difference was predominantly found when LCM was used, except for Ca and Mg (more related to PS) Elemental analysis of particles deposited along the bronchial tree shows two groups of distribution: elements with preferable peribronchiolar or preferable lymph node deposition. Elemental profile of peribronchial areas discriminate accurately (95.8 %) the type of pollution exposure, with no statistical difference noted for the other sites. CONCLUSIONS: Elemental profiling of the particles retained along the bronchial tree shows two groups with distinct distribution patterns. The proximal bronchial tree is the main site for discrimination of pollution exposure, with an elemental finger print of anthracosis. LCM has also proven to be a useful tool in discriminating areas of interest for elemental analysis of particles retained in the lung when compared to analysis in PS.

ASSUNTO(S)

material particulado laser microdissecção laser particulate matter poluição ambiental environmental pollution scanning electron microscopy microdissection microscopia eletrônica de varredura lung pulmão

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