Estudo comparativo das emissões de aldeídos originados pelo veículo à diesel com o uso do óleo diesel comercial, biodiesel e suas misturas / Comparative study of aldehyde emissions generated by Diesel vehicles using of commercial diesel fuel, biodiesel and their mixtures

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Since of the automotive diesel fuel contains 2% biodiesel and there exists no regulation of emissions of aldehydes of Diesel cycle vehicles, this paper aims to evaluate the emissions of aldehydes of such a category of vehicles, using diesel oil with 2% biodiesel (B2) and 100% soybean biodiesel (B100) as fuel. It also aims to evaluate the emissions of aldehydes from a light Otto cycle vehicle with and without the catalytic converter in order to compare their emissions with the Diesel cycle vehicle, as the control program for air pollution by motor vehicles has set a limit of emissions of total aldehydes (formaldehyde + acetaldehyde) for new light Otto cycle vehicles, powered by gasoline, hydrated ethanol and its mixtures thereof. The tests were conducted in the vehicle emission laboratory of environmental sanitation agency (CETESB) on a chassis dynamometer, following a standard urban driving cycle. The aldehydes were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The tests were conducted in a Citröen JUMPER 2.8 L vehicle model year/model 2006 for the Diesel cycle, a VW FOX 1.6 Flex vehicle model year/model 2005 with and without the catalytic converter for the Otto cycle. In the tests with the Jumper vehicle, the emissions of both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and acrolein, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde were measured. It was possible to observe, the presence of carbonyl and other ketones, such as crotonaldehyde, methacrolein, 2-butanone, valeraldehyde and p-tolualdehyde. However these carbonyls were not quantified in this study, as there are no certified individual standards. The tests showed that by using B2, the emissions of formaldehyde ranged from 7.6 to 14.9 mg/km, acetaldehyde from 4.5 to 8.9 mg/km, acrolein from 2.7 to 5.8 mg/km, propionaldehyde from 0.4 to 0.6 mg/km, butyraldehyde from 0.4 to 0.7 mg/km, and benzaldehyde from 0.2 to 0.3 mg/km, while using B100 emissions of formaldehyde ranged from 18.8 to 21.1 mg/km, acetaldehyde from 7.5 to 8.3 mg/km, acrolein from 5.2 to 6.2 mg/km, propionaldehyde from 0.5 to 0.6 mg/km, butyraldehyde of 0.4 mg/km, and benzaldehyde of 0.4 mg/km. It was found that by using B2, the average emissions were 48% for formaldehyde and 29% for acetaldehyde, representing 77% of total aldehydes (17.9 mg/km). Using B100, the average emissions were 57% for formaldehyde and 23% for acetaldehyde, representing 80% of total aldehydes (27.9 mg/km). It was possible to observe in this study that the average emissions of 17.9 and 27.9 mg/km of total aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) of Diesel vehicle emissions in the Otto vehicle, are significant, since the emission limit of total aldehydes for light vehicles manufactured from 1997 was 30.0 mg/km and passed to 20.0 mg/km for vehicles manufactured from 2009. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that performing more tests, including engine dynamometer and other types of vehicles, will detail the profile of the aldehyde emissions from the fleet of vehicles powered by diesel and biodiesel, as well as determine factors for the deterioration of these vehicles and assist in the inventory of emissions of these pollutants.

ASSUNTO(S)

diesel vehicle emission limites de emissão biodiesel aldehydes formaldeído diesel emissão veicular formaldehyde aldeídos acetaldeído emission limits acetaldehyde biodiesel

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