Estudos estruturais de histatina-5 e seu análogo, TOAC0-histatina-5: interação com metais e sistemas biomiméticos / Structural studies of Histatin-5 and its analogue, TOAC0-Histatin-5: interaction with metals and biomimetic systems

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The mechanism of action of histatin-5 (Hst-5), an antifungal antimicrobial peptide from human saliva is not completely clarified. Circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were used to examine the conformational behavior of Hst-5 and its analogue containing the paramagnetic amino acid TOAC at the N-terminus (TOAC0-Hst-5). Conformational properties were investigated in aqueous solution, as a function of pH, TFE, and addition of metal ions, and in the presence of model membranes of variable lipid composition. The activity of both peptides was examined in planar lipid membranes and with regard to permeabilization of model membranes. Activity was also tested towards the fungus Candida albicans and human erythrocytes, with the scope of establishing structure-function correlations. Fluorescence studies showed that TOAC0-Hst-5 is able to quench the peptide fluorescence and that the pK of the Tyr residues was shifted to lower values. CD spectra indicated that small conformational fluctuations occurred with increasing pH, but the overall unordered structure of the peptides was kept. EPR spectra of TOAC0-Hst-5 showed the coexistence of two populations, one protonated and one unprotonated, in slow exchange. The pK of TOAC was calculated from measurements of the isotropic hyperfine splitting (aN); the ratios of heights of the mid-field line and the high-field line were also sensitive to the peptide titration. In TFE, the peptides acquired -helical conformation (CD). Fluorescence spectra of Hst-5 showed an increase of fluorescence, while those of TOAC0-Hst-5 revealed quenching, indicating that, on the average, the TOAC residue becomes closer to the Tyr residues as a consequence of the peptide acquiring α-helical conformation. EPR spectra also reflected the conformational changes undergone by the peptide. Fluorescence studies indicated that Hst-5 and its spin labeled analogue interacted with Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ ions, allowing the calculation of binding constants. CD spectra reflected the occurrence of small conformational fluctuations, without acquisition of stable secondary structure. EPR spectra of TOAC0-Hst-5 in the presence of the paramagnetic ions Cu2+ and Mn2+ evinced the occurrence of spin-spin interactions, allowing the calculation of metal-nitroxide distances. Curves of rotational correlation times as a function of ion concentration yielded values for the binding constants of the same order of magnitude as those calculated from fluorescence measurements. Hst-5 and TOAC0-Hst-5 bound to a larger extent to negatively charged than to zwitterionic micelles, in a pH-dependent process. Studies of fluorescence quenching by water soluble acrylamide confirmed these results, pointing to the fact that binding is largely modulated by electrostatic interactions. CD spectra indicated that, upon binding to micelles, the peptides acquire a type I β-turn conformation. EPR studies of the interaction between TOAC0-Hst-5 and lipid vesicles whose composition mimicked those of E. coli and C. albicans (both with net negative surface charge) and erythrocytes (net zero surface charge) confirmed this modulation. In the presence of negatively charged membranes, the spectra presented outer and inner extrema, indicating that the nitroxide z axis is oriented parallel to the bilayer normal. Functional studies with planar lipid bilayers showed that TOAC0-Hst-5, but not the native peptide, forms pores. Also, TOAC0-Hst-5, but not Hst-5, permeabilizes negatively charged vesicles. Moreover, the fungicidal activity of TOAC0-Hst-5 was greater than that of Hst-5 in the absence of metal ions. However, in contrast with the native peptide, whose activity increased in the presence of Zn2+ and Mn2+, that of the analogue was the same in the absence and presence of the ions. Finally, TOAC0-Hst-5 had a more pronounced hemolytic activity than Hst-5. These results suggest a possible difference in the mechanisms of action of Hst-5 and its spin labeled analogue, in spite of the similarity of their conformational behavior.

ASSUNTO(S)

peptides (synthesis) metal ions toac toac fluorescência (aplicações) ions metálicos electron paqramagnetic resonance (applications) fluorescence (applications) biological membranes peptídeos (síntese) histatin-5 membranas modelo técnicas espectroscópicas model membranes relações estrutura-atividade histatina-5 membranas biológicas ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (aplicações) spectroscopic techniques

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