Evaluation of the behavior of essential and non essential trace elements in contaminated soil under plants cultivation / Avaliação do comportamento de elementos traço essenciais e não essenciais em solo contaminado sob cultivo de plantas

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The contamination of the soil is growing in the world. There are great expanses of soil polluted with trace elements, organic compounds, organometals and radioactive elements that appear in concentrations that can endanger the environment. The behavior of trace elements in soils and its phytoavailability with subsequent transport to the alimentary chain has been quite intensive object of studies worldwide. With the objective of evaluating the behavior of essentials and non essential trace elements in a polluted soil, it was evaluated the absorption of trace elements by plants, its phytoavailability by extractors and in which fraction of the soil the elements are present in larger amount. The present work consisted of two experiments, both done entirely in a greenhouse of the Department of Soil Science of ESALQ/USP, with experimental design entirely randomized, in which samples of soil accidentally contaminated with trace elements and species of plants of economical interest were used. The experiments were conducted from November, 2004 to April, 2005, using seven levels of contamination for each trace elements and two cultures, rice and soybean. Fertilization with NPK was done in order to assist the basic needs of each culture. The plants were grown until maturation. The variables evaluated were: development and vegetable production; absorbed and accumulated amount of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn; In the soil were determined total concentrations (HNO3/ HCl 1:3) and concentrations available of the trace elements by the use of the solutions Mehlich-1, HCl 0,1 mol L-1, DTPA and Organic Acids and the availability of those elements through the correlation of the available concentrations in the soil with the concentrations in diagnostic leaf, leafs in end of the cycle and seeds of rice and soybean; and the concentrations of trace elements in fractions of soil. The soybean and the rice were sensitive to the levels of trace elements available in the soil, exhibiting phytotoxicity symptoms, mainly for Zn, manifested as chlorosis and inhibition of growth. The rice was more sensitive than the soybean to the presence those elements. For soybean, the four extractors were efficient for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, both for the correlation with concentrations in the leaf diagnosis and in the leaf in the end of the cycle, while for rice, the most efficient were Mehlich-1, HCl 0,1 mol L-1 and DTPA for the Cd, Cu, Fe and Zn. For Mn, only DTPA was efficient. For Fe, the extractors were not efficient. The extractor Organic Acids was more efficient in the evaluation of the phytoavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for soybean. The largest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn in the soil are found in the fractions with stable chemical bounds (attached to oxides and residue) being the exchangeable fractions + soluble and organic of smaller representativeness in relation to the total found. The Pb, in spite of prevailing in the fractions liked to oxides and residue, offers great potential of environmental contamination since it is also present in the exchangeable + soluble and organic fractions in considerable concentrations. The same happens for Zn, for which the total concentration was higher.

ASSUNTO(S)

poluição do solo elementos químicos soil pollution soil chemistry chemical elements cultivo de plantas toxicidade do solo soil toxicity plants grown fertilidade do solo química do solo soil fertility

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados