Extending the definition of entropy to nonequilibrium steady states
AUTOR(ES)
Ruelle, David P.
FONTE
National Academy of Sciences
RESUMO
We study the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of a finite classical system subjected to nongradient forces ξ and maintained at fixed kinetic energy (Hoover–Evans isokinetic thermostat). We assume that the microscopic dynamics is sufficiently chaotic (Gallavotti–Cohen chaotic hypothesis) and that there is a natural nonequilibrium steady-state ρξ. When ξ is replaced by ξ + δξ, one can compute the change δρ of ρξ (linear response) and define an entropy change δS based on energy considerations. When ξ is varied around a loop, the total change of S need not vanish: Outside of equilibrium the entropy has curvature. However, at equilibrium (i.e., if ξ is a gradient) we show that the curvature is zero, and that the entropy S(ξ + δξ) near equilibrium is well defined to second order in δξ.
ACESSO AO ARTIGO
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=152245Documentos Relacionados
- The “excess entropy” around nonequilibrium steady states, (δ2S)ss, is not a Liapunov function
- Irreversible processes at nonequilibrium steady states
- Maxwell-type constructions for multiple nonequilibrium steady states
- Irreversible processes at nonequilibrium steady states and Lyapounov functions
- Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with high-order and dual-color correlation to probe nonequilibrium steady states