Fatores de risco e métodos diagnósticos para retinopatia por difosfato de cloroquina nos portadores de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico / Risk factors and screening methods for chloroquine retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

AUTOR(ES)

Luciana Duarte Rodrigues

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Purpose: To evaluate risk factors and screnning methods for retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients after chronic use of chloroquine. Methods: Seventy-two eyes of 36 consecutive patients, followed in the Division of Rheumatology of Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, were analised from July 2007 to April 2008. Demographic and clinical data were evaluated in order to study risk factors and compare different ophthalmological methods as following: visual acuity, Amsler grid, corneal biomicroscopy, fundus examination, retinography, fluorescein retinography, visual field, color vision tests. Results: From 36 patients, 34 (94,4 %) were female. The mean age was 39,9± 9,8 years and disease duration was 13,9±6,6 years. Besides chronic use of chloroquine, patients also showed high daily (4,4±0,4 mg) and cumulative (1092,2 ±476,6 g) doses. These high risk factors were not related to higher prevalence of retinopathy. Visual field showed 38.9 % retinopathy prevalence. Other ophthalmological methods failed in detecting most cases. Color vision test HRR was highly sensitive but not so specific in detecting retinopathy. The intensity of alterations in HRR were related to the intensity of visual field alterations. Conclusion: High prevalence of retinopathy in chronic users of chloroquine patients was detected by visual field test, but other screening methods failed in detecting alterations. Ophthalmological assessment of these patients should include visual field and color vision tests specific for acquired maculopathies, even in the absence of clinical alterations.

ASSUNTO(S)

chloroquine retina/pathology retina/patologia fatores de risco lúpus eritematoso sistêmico cloroquina lupus erythematosus systemic risk factors

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