Fontes de energia em suplementos múltiplos para recria e terminação de bovinos em pastejo, nos períodos de transição seca-águas e águas / Sources of energy in multiples supplements for growing and finishing steers in pasture, during the dry/wet transition and wet season

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The present thesis was elaborated from the results of two experiments that evaluated the performance and the nutritional characteristics of crossbred steers receiving multiple supplements with different sources of energy. The experiment 1 was conduced to evaluate the energy sources, rich in starch or fiber in multiples supplements on performance and nutritional characteristics of finishing crossbred steers in the rainy transition season, grazing Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. The experimental area was divided in 5 paddocks with 2.0 ha each, with dry matter avaibility of 4.309,4 kg/ha. 24 castrated crossbread steers were used, initially 24 month old and 314.46 kg. For each animal, randomly, one of the five tretaments was destined: mineral mixture ad libitum (MM); pearl millet grain (MLT) or corn grain (CG), as starchy energy sources; citrus pulp (PC) or wheat bran (FT), as fibrous energy sources. To the different energy sources were added: mineral mixture, cotton seed meal and urea, so that they constituted supplements with 30% of crude protein, based on the natural matter, supplied at the level of 1.5 kg/animal/day. Effect significant was not verified for the supplementation on the diary gain. The types of sources differed amongst themselves for diary gain (P<0.10), the fibrous sources was better in 17.43% than the starchy sources. The dry matter (DM), organic matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), crude protein (CP), ether extract, digestible DM, total digestible nutrients and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) indigestible intakes (kg/animal/day) was superior for supplemented animals (P<0.10).The CP and NFC total apparent digestibility was inferior for (P<0.10). Excretion of urea by urine, and level of urea plasmatic was inferior for MM. Multiple supplements with high digestible fiber sources in association with urea promote better performance to the animals than the formulated with starchy sources and urea, possible reflex of the best microbial assimilation of the nitrogen. The supplementation in the dry to rainy season, in 0.4% of the BW, it doesn t affect the NDF digestibility independent of the energy source.The Experiment 2 was conduced to evaluate the energy sources, rich in starch or fiber in multiples supplements on performance and nutritional characteristics of finishing crossbred steers in the rainy transition season, grazing Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. The experimental area was divided in 5 paddocks with 2.0 ha each, with dry matter avaibility of 5.853,0 kg/ha. The sample of the forage consumed by the animals was obtained through of hand- pluncking sample. 24 castrated crossbread steers were used, initially 27 month old and 376.03 kg. For each animal, randomly, one of the five tretaments was destined: mineral mixture ad libitum (MM); sorghum grain (SG) or corn grain (CG), as starchy energy sources; soybean hulls (CS) or wheat bran (FT), as fibrous energy sources. To the different energy sources were added: mineral mixture, cotton seed meal and urea, so that they constituted supplements with 30% of crude protein, based on the natural matter, supplied at the level of 1.0 kg/animal/day. The supplemented steers showed an additional gain (33.4%) in relation to MM (P<0.10). The supplement whose source was the sorghum grain provide diary gain greater than corn grain. Steers fed with MM showed smaller intake of crude protein (CP), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and ether extract. Differences among the starchy sources was observed (P<0.10), GS showed greater DM, OM, TDN, NFD, NFD indigestible, forage DM and forage OM intakes than GM (P<0.10). The energy sources didnt affect the NDF total apparent digestibility (P>0.10). The CP and NFC digestibilities for MM were smaller than for the others supplements. Excretion of urea by urine was inferior for MM (P<0.10). Multiple supplements, in 0.3% of the BW, provide diary gain greater than mineral mixture, for finishing crossbread steers, during the rainy season, and it doesn t affect the NDF digestibility, independent of the energy source. Supplements with fibrous or starchy sources are similar as for the performance. The supplements based on sorghum grain provide diary gain greater than the corn grain.

ASSUNTO(S)

suplementação capim braquiária nutricao e alimentacao animal brachiaria decumbens suplementation

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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