Initial and evolutive evaluation of children with congenital neurogenic bladder treated in a specialized clinic in a university hospital / Avaliação inicial e evolutiva de crianças com bexiga neurogênica congênita atendidas em ambulatório especializado de um hospital de ensino

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Neurogenic bladder is considered an important risk factor for chronic renal failure. In these patients, preservation of renal function is one of the most important goals of nephro-urological treatment. PURPOSE: To describe demographic data of 58 children with congenital neurogenic bladder, the anatomic and functional characteristics of their upper and lower urinary tracts at the beginning of the follow-up and at the end of the data collection period and to identify risk factors associated with worsening of the glomerular and tubular functions using as markers the quantitation of glomerular filtration rate and the development of microalbuminuria and metabolic acidosis. METHODS: Retrospective study of a cohort of 58 children with congenital neurogenic bladder treated at the Voiding Dysfunction Clinic, Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. The period of data collection ended in January 2006. The obtained results were described as means, standard deviations, medians, minimum and maximum values, or as frequencies and percentages. The comparison between the initial and final evaluations for continuous quantitative variables was done using the Student´s t test for paired samples. The association between dichotomous variables was performed considering the Fisher´s exact test. For evaluation of patients` outcomes and comparison of subgroups defined by dichotomous variables, Kaplan-Meier curves were performed and Long-rank test was applied. P values <0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: 58 children were evaluated with 33 females (56,9%). The mean age at presentation to the service was 4.2 ± 3.5 years, the mean follow-up period was 3.8 ± 3.1 years. Myelomeningocele was the leading aetiology, corresponding to 42/58 patients (72.4%). Referral to the service occurred in 48 (82.8%) patients due to urinary tract infection, in 5 (8.6%) due to enuresis and in 5 (8.6%) due to urinary retention. Recurrent urinary tract infections were found in 49/58 patients (84.5%) at the beginning and 41/49 (83.7%) had improvement during the follow-up period. Systemic Hypertension was diagnosed in 11 (19.3%) children at the first visit and in 18 (31%) in the final evaluation. The initial mean glomerular filtration rate was 146.7 ±70.1 mL/1.73m²/min and the final mean was 193.6±mL/1.73m²/min, p = 0.0004. Microalbuminuria was found in 20 (54.1%) samples in the initial evaluation and in 26 (61.9%) in the final evaluation. Metabolic acidosis was present in 11 (19%) samples in the initial evaluation and in 19 (32.8%) in the final assessment. The children who most developed metabolic acidosis during the follow-up period were those who presented earlier to the service (<3 years of age), p= 0.01. The group of patients that did not present metabolic acidosis at the end of the study had lower values of final weight z-score (p=0.048), initial height/stature z-score (p=0.047) and final height/stature z-score (p=0.022) than the patients of the group that developed acidosis. CONCLUSIONS: Children with congenital neurogenic bladder develop early compromise of renal glomerular and tubular functions and require adequate management by specialized professionals.

ASSUNTO(S)

acidosis neurogenic bladder urinary bladder disease acidose albuminuria renal function doenças da bexiga urinária child estudos retrospectivos criança albuminúria bexiga neurogênica função renal retrospective studies

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