Involvement of the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition in tolerance induction.

AUTOR(ES)

Womer, K L

RESUMO

It is generally accepted that there are two pathways of allorecognition, direct and indirect, that together contribute to allograft rejection. Although it has been suggested that the direct pathway predominates during early acute rejection and that the indirect pathway provides a continuous supply of alloantigen responsible for chronic rejection, the true relative contribution of each pathway to the overall rejection process is still not entirely known. It is clear, however, that any strategies designed to achieve the ultimate goal in transplantation, the induction of tolerance, will need to take into account both pathways. This review seeks to explore the involvement of the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition on a mechanistic level as it relates to the induction of tolerance. A brief historical perspective is included for each pathway as well as a comprehensive review of the mechanisms felt to be active during tolerance induction.

Documentos Relacionados

• Involvement of the MAP kinase cascade in Xenopus mesoderm induction.
• Role of the direct and indirect pathways for glycogen synthesis in rat liver in the postprandial state.
• Stress induction of clpC in Bacillus subtilis and its involvement in stress tolerance.
• Induction of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene cat-86 through the action of the ribosomal antibiotic amicetin: involvement of a Bacillus subtilis ribosomal component in cat induction.
• Peptide vaccination can lead to enhanced tumor growth through specific T-cell tolerance induction.