Leadership in nursing in health institutions of México city, México / Liderança de enfermagem nas organizações de saúde da cidade do México Distrito Federal

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The main objective of this study is identify the styles of leadership exercised by directive nurses at general hospitals of Mexico City, according to situational leadership model of Hersey and Blanchard and its relationship with features type "A" of the leaders and the degrees of the maturity of their collaborators, according to behavior theory of Friedman and Rosenman. The study is quant-qualitative and was done with cooperation of directive nurses at the mentioned hospitals. The quantitative results demonstrated four leadership styles exercised by directive nurses: directive style characterized by its high preference for the tasks and low preference for the interpersonal relationships, persuasive style characterized by its high preference for the tasks and high preference for the interpersonal relationships, participant style characterized by its high preference for the relationships interpersonal and low preference for the tasks and delegatory style characterized by low preference for the tasks and low preference for the interpersonal relationships. The directive nurses apply the directive style in coefficient determination R2 0,14 of their decisions, the persuasive style in R2 0,59, the participant style in R2 0,27 and the delegatory style in R2 0,21 of their decisions. The followers showed four grades of readiness for the execution of their tasks: coefficient determination, inactive R2 0,14 attitude characterized by their low disposition and low ability for the tasks, reactive R2 0,51 attitude characterized by its low disposition and high ability for the tasks, attitude pre-active R2 0,18 characterized by its high disposition and low ability for the tasks and interactive R2 0,14 attitude characterized by its high disposition and high ability for the tasks. The directive nurses showed features of behavior type A in 74% of the cases. The qualitative results indicate that the directive ones perceive a mechanicbureaucratic orientation of the hospitals, with their typical characteristics of norms, communication, functions and hierarchy, total orientation to the achievement of the objectives, emphasis in the tasks and routine processes. The high demand is reflected in the work overload that they experience. In 81% of cases they work more than eight daily hours, 64% supervises between 400 and 500 professionals of the health and 81% abandon their positions after 10 years. The directive personnel has tendency toward the academic advance. 62% has degree grade and 24% has postgraduate. The directive nurses achieve the goals of the organization by means of the combination of four styles of leadership to influence in their followers; most of them are well qualified but have motivation problems. The directive nurses apply, frequently, the persuasive style of leadership which is related with the reactive attitude of the followers. They solve the personnels deficiencies with excessive work loads. To conclude, the pattern of situational leadership of Hersey and Blanchard is useful to diagnose the situation of the leadership of the nurses and to identify the aspects to be strengthened in the general hospitals of the city of Mexico D. F.

ASSUNTO(S)

hospital liderança organization and management hospital organização e administração leadership

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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