Manejo de coberturas do solo e de plantas espontâneas em pomar orgânico de maçã. / Soil cover and weed management in na organic apple archard.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The demand for healthy and non-contaminated foods has increased between the consumers that become more and more exigent in terms of quality. The organic products appear as an option for the requirements of these consumers. However, research involving the organic production of fruits is still incipient. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the weed control by ground covers, its action on the weeds in the line of the apple trees in an organic orchard, the response in terms of apple tree vegetative development, and soil chemical and physical properties. The experiment is located at Embrapa/CNPUV, in Vacaria, RS, Southern Brazil. The orchard was planted in 2003, with cv. Galaxy on Marubakaido rootstock and M9 filter, in a Brown Latosol. The treatments were as follows: manual hoeing control, black plastic film, black plastic shade screen, new pinus sawdust, pinus needle mulch, Andropogon sp mulch, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), black oat (Avena strigosa), black oat + common vetch (Vicia sativa), black oat + fodder radish (Raphanus sativus), annual ryegrass + white clover (Trifolium repens) + native plant cover, weed mowing; control without weed management. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three replications. The weed incidence and the growth of apple tree were evaluated. Soil chemical and physical properties were analyzed in the layer 0-5 and 5-10 cm depth. Pinus needle mulch, black plastic, manual weed control, and new pinus sawdust were more effective to reduced the weed incidence, controlling more than 90%. The use of soil cover affected the height and the diameter of the trees, and black plastic and pinus needle mulch were the better covers concerning apple development. Soil chemical properties under these managements were adequate for apple tree growth, showing differences only between the orchard condition in relation to the natural forest. Soil physical properties were not affected by the different ground covers and showed its good quality, maintained in adequate conditions to plant growth.

ASSUNTO(S)

física do solo maçã - cultivo apple - crop weeds soils - management química do solo solos - manejo erva daninha ciencias agrarias soil physics soil chemistry

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