MESOFAUNA EDÁFICA E A TAXA DE DECOMPOSIÇÃO DA RESTEVA DE TRÊS SUCESSÕES DE CULTURA EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The mesofauna soil is composed primarily of Mite and Collembola (75 to 97% of total arthropod fauna of the soil) is one of the few groups of human beings who show enormous diversity of forms, habitat and behavior, being found in almost all places accessible to wildlife because they live in regions epi, hemispheric and euedáficas. The components of mesofauna have a very important role in the process of disintegration, decomposition, transport of organic matter, mixed horizon, transport of nutrients, aeration and biological control, thus allowing together with the fungi, a balanced soil. Overall, we found that changes in species diversity and in the community structure of soil organisms, under different management practices, directly interfere in the functioning of soil and hence the sustainability of agroecosystems, acting as indicators of its degradation. The study aimed to evaluate the mesofauna soil, its influence on the decomposition rate of mulch during the crop cycle and its activity as indicators of soil quality, seeking the understanding of its role in the functioning of tillage. The collections were made in the field from October 2006 to September 2007, within a long-term experiment, started in October 1997, using a split-plot experimental design with three replicates per share. The technique employed to study the soil mesofauna, involved the collection of soil in the range of 0 to 5 cm in depth (nine samples of 220cm for environment, totaling 567 samples for analysis of mesofauna), being used to funnel a Berlese (modified). To maintain the much on the site was used to screen a 50cm2, with mesh of 1cm fixed by the edges with vergalhão iron 5.16 (0.8 mm). Where fortnightly was withdrawn, kiln-dried for two days and heavy, to measure the decomposition of organic matter. The decomposition rate of mulch was influenced by the people of mesofauna soil, and good soil conditions (humidity gravimetric and soil cover) and climate. The rate of decomposition of hairy vetch was higher among the three treatments. The action of mesofauna soil was more efficient in reducing the straw of hairy vetch. The rate of decomposition was lower in the treatment Oats black; The diversity of plant species used in crop rotation to influence the occurrence of populations of the group Mite, Collembola, Insecta, Miriapoda and Isopoda. Highest amount of resteva, rainfall and humidity index gravimetric influenced largest stock picks Haughton, Collembola, Miriapoda, Insecta and Isopoda. It was identified 26 genera and two families of Mite, with 13 genera Cryptostigmata, 11, Mesostigmata and 4 of Prostigmata. The predominant genera of Mite Cryptostigmata, Mesostigmata and Prostigmata in all treatments was Mancoribates, Rhodacarus and Cunaxa, respectively. The populations of Mite, Collembola, Insecta, Miriapoda and Isopoda were effective indicators of soil quality in terms of management used. The predominant species of Collembola in the three treatments was Lepidocyrtus. The genus Lepidocyrtus had populations of 81%, 67% and 56% higher than the other genera in treatments + oat mixture of hairy vetch, oats and hairy vetches, respectively. The predominant group of Class Insecta was Formicidae. It was 01 (a) type of Miripoda, Polyxenus. Largest population of Isopoda was found in the treatment of oat mixture + hairy vetch, followed by Oats vetches black and hairy. The largest populations of mesofauna was obtained by the group of Acari (60% of individuals), followed by Collembola (17%), Miriapoda (12%), Insecta (7%) and Isopoda (4%). The largest populations of Mite, Collembola, Miriapoda and Isopoda were found in the treatment mixture (Oats black hairy vetches +), followed by treatment Oats vetches black and hairy

ASSUNTO(S)

agronomia

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados