Micobiota fitopatogênica associada à planta invasora Tibouchina herbacea / Mycobiota of the invasive weed Tibouchina herbacea

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Weed plant invasions, in natural as well as in anthropic modified environments, results in significant economical losses or ecosystem disequilibrium. Some ecosystems are more susceptible than others to biological invasions, once they have disharmonic fauna and flora (with empty ecological niches or niches occupied by low adapted species to the ecological functions required), due to its geographic isolation, as in oceanic islands (Hawaii, French Polynesia, Fernando de Noronha and other archipelagos), or due to its separation form the continental bulk during the process of continental derivation in a remote past, as in the case of Australian continent. In such places, the introduction of exotic vegetal or animal species may be a disaster for the ecosystem. A exemple is the introduction of Tibouchina herbacea in the Hawaiian archipelago resulted in environmental invasion. This plant belongs to the Melastomataceae family and it is native that South America. A biological program involving entomologists and plant pathologists on origin center of T. herbacea will be developing, searching natural enemies. With the purpose of future development of control programs using phytopathogenic fungi, the mycological diversity associated with this plant was assessed. A total of eighty one samples originated from Brazil, Dominican Republic and Costa Rica were analyzed in this study. This work was limited to the taxonomic treatment of the fungi obtained from samples and represents the first step for the development of a future biological control program using phytopatogenic fungi to control the weed plant Tibouchina herbacea. In present work 16 fungi species were found: 6 Hyphomycetes Cladosporium, Passalora, Cercospora and three Pseudocercosporas; 4 Coelomycetes Septoria, Hainesia, Chaetophiophoma, Pestalotiopsis; and 6 Ascomycetes Asteridiella, Mollisia, Asterina, Perisporiopsis, Gnomonia, Leptosphaeria. There are recognized as new to science and described here: Cladosporium tibouchinensis, Mollisia tibouchinae, Passalora tibouchinae, Pseudocercospora subsinematosa, Pseudocercospora tibouchinensis, Pseudocercospora tibouchinicola and Septoria tibouchinensis Among the species of fungi founded in this study, three have potential for use in biological control programs causing severe disease in T. herbacea: S. tibouchinensis, P. tibouchinae and M. tibouchinae. Although the specificity of these fungi has not yet been tested, the first two genres belong to fungi that include species considered quite specific restricted to a single botanical family.

ASSUNTO(S)

tibouchina herbacea fitopatologia micobiota fitopatogênica mycobiota fungos fitopatogênicos controle biológico biological control tibouchina herbacea plant pathogenic fungi

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