O associativismo como estratégia de inserção social: as práticas sócio-culturais do mutualismo imigrante italiano em Ribeirão Preto (1895-1920) / The practices of communal associations of Italian immigrants in Ribeirão Preto city at the end of the 19th century and in the first two decades of the 20th century

Patricia Gomes Furlanetto

The object of this thesis is to analyze the practices of communal associations of Italian immigrants in Ribeirão Preto city at the end of the 19th century and in the first two decades of the 20th century. Ribeirão Preto was chosen not only because it received a large number of Italian immigrants, but also for their profile and participation in the social and economic dynamics of a society located in a region of expanding coffee plantations in the State of São Paulo. The specific focus was the way these immigrants organized themselves and developed strong relationships via mechanisms of mutual help and solidarity, creating new spaces and meanings in a country where social welfare policies were unknown. By virtue of the daily routine and numerous adaptations, these association practices gained new significance through a dialogue between the (re)creation of a collective identity of "Italianness" and the diverse customs of a group that, while heterogeneous, on various occasions needed to show cohesion. Besides the specific circumstances created by the migration itself, the varied social segments of an Italy in the process of unification, in creating their social networks, came up against the need for an ethnic identity, in spite of the numerous conflicts of interest. Therefore, the aim of conquering freedom and dignity, be it by work, by exercising citizens rights or by a conscious declaration of class struggle, could count on the existing solidarity and ethnic identity in the community. In this light, I focused on the formation of the Italian societies Societá Operaia di Mutuo Soccorso Unione Italiana, Societá Italiana di Mutuo Soccorso Unione e Fratellanza, Societá Unione Meridionale, Societá di Mutuo Soccorso e Beneficenza Pàtria e Lavoro and the Societá Dante Alighieri. The documents in question are part of a set of minutes of meetings, member lists, the Portuguese and Italian language press, tax and other records referring to members of the societies and inhabitants of Ribeirão Preto. Faced with this large set of documents, I decided to analyze the formation of those societies, their leading members and their varied strategies and, on the basis of this analysis, to present a reading that would reflect the practices of these immigrants and how they managed to set up these important societies in Ribeirão Preto.

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