O programa softex e a industria de software no Brasil

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

Brazil, as many other countries, presented during the nineties a significant expansion of its software industry. This process was simultaneous, at the economic levei, to the expansion of transnational companies (TNCs) subsidiaries, and to a weak exporting performance of the Country. Associated to the loss of relative importance of national companies, it occurred, at the politicallevel, a reduction of the capacity of the actors involved, to articulate a long term project for the software sector coherent with national interest. As a result, the Country appears more like a space of business accomplishment for TNCs, than a platform to stimulate national companies to make a way into externa I markets. This panorama is quite different to that foreseen for the Softex Program, created by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1993. The Program was considered at that time as an equivalent, for the rising Brazilian software sector, to what had been the prior market reserve policy for the hardware sector. Focused on technological and managerial qualification of national enterprises and on exports, the program was guided by a market share goal of 1 % of the global market in 2000 (US$ 2 bilHon). This represents 20 times of the actual exports. The research concludes that the policy-making style and the content of the instruments implemented by the program would not be capable to materialize its goal. Additionally, the political arrangement which supported it at the public and private spheres of decision was insufficient. Even though, the absence of other governmental explicit policy measures, lead it to be considered as "the" Software Policy of the nineties. As it is frequent in our country, implicit policy measures much more important to define the current situation of the sector were implemented. Perhaps the most important was the promulgation of Law 8248/91, which enables the allocation of tax exemptions to R&D activities of the companies. Taking advantage of the overlapping of R&D and production activities, typical of technologically intensive sectors, TNCs were able to build up influential subsystems based on R&D (and production) Institutes. These subsystems seem to nucleate, by means of research contracts, absorption of qualified human resources, outsourcing etc, the involved actors (research community, national companies etc) and subordinate sector dynamics to the interests of TNCs

ASSUNTO(S)

industria de software - brasil programas de computador

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