Orthoretification of high-resolution images for application in rural technical cadastral and mapping of permanent preservation and legal reserve areas / Ortorretificação de imagens de alta resolução para aplicação em cadastro técnico rural e mapeamento de áreas de preservação permanente e reservas legais

Joel Gripp Junior

Besides the vast interpretative information generated after being submitted to geometric corrections, high spatial resolution orbital images allow extracting geometric information (angles, distances and areas). Different correction methods can be used for this purpose. If the method used corrects relief influence, it carries out image orthoretification, and it can be used as a map. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the positional quality and potential use in cartographic mapping of the orthoimages originated from the Ikonos II sensor, utilizing the commercialized product in the least expensive form (GEO type) on a mountainous region in Zona da Mata-Minas Gerais. Besides presenting the different correction methods, analyses were carried out in this study, using an Ikonos II image with spatial resolution of1 m on a mountainous region including the municipalities of Araponga, Canaã and Ervália. The analyses included: Influence of the digital elevation model resolution on orthoretification; Comparative Analysis, Simple Polynomial Methods Analysis, Polynomial Ratio, Parametric Method (or Rigorous); Influence of the Number of Terrestrial Control Points in Orthoretification; Influence of the Geodesic Systems and Geographic Coordinates on the Cartographic Mapping originated from Satellite Images. To verify the results, statistical analyses were carried out by applying the Student t test and the Qui-Square test required for the orthoimage cartographic quality analysis. Most orthoimages generated presented a Cartographic Exactness Standard and Class A Standard Error at 1:5,000 scale, according to the current Brazilian norms for cartographic quality analysis. It was verified that 11 terrestrial control points well-distributed along the image are sufficient to obtain a good result applying the polynomial ratio model. An analysis using an orthoimage for the mapping of 3.590,8834 ha was also used, delimiting the dividing lines of 151 rural properties with the corresponding uses and land cover. A use conflict analysis under the environmental aspect was also conducted, confronting the map used with the permanent preservation areas map, also reaching a diagnosis in relation to the legal reserve areas in the region. It was verified that 54% of the areas analyzed are permanent preservation areas, according to the resolution 303 of the Environment National Council and that only 13 properties would meet the Legal Reserve demarcation as they possess more than 20% of forest cover outside the permanent preservation area.

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