Patossistema milho X Colletotrichum graminicola: estudo de herança, mapeamento de genes de resistência e estimativas de danos na produção. / Maize X Colletotrichum graminicola pathosystem: study on inheritance, resistance gene mapping and yield reduction estimates.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The incidence of Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) Wils as the causal agent of stalk rot has increased significantly in recent years in Brazil due to an increase in the area cultivated with maize, in addition to implemented changes in cultural practices. The objectives of this work were to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to stalk anthracnose, identify quantitative resistance loci (QRL) by means of molecular markers, and estimate potential grain yield reduction. Generation means analysis was used for two families derived from a cross between two resistant (Das21 and Das64) and one susceptible (Das86) line. Inoculations were performed at the flowering stage with a suspension containing 1.8 × 105 conidia/mL. Lesion length was measured after opening the stalks. The results indicated distinct inheritance modes between families. In Das86 × Das21, dominance genetic effects and epistatic interactions were predominant. On the other hand, in Das86 × Das64 there was a predominance of additive effects. Heterosis estimates differed between families, which could be attributed to the genetic background of the inbred parents. QRL mapping was performed based on the analysis of 118 F2:3 progenies from the Das86 × Das21 cross, evaluated in three trials. Evaluations consisted in measuring lesion lengths thirty days after inoculation. The linkage analysis between markers and QRLs were made by means of multiple linear regressions. The proportion of the phenotypic variation in resistance due to an association of QRLs with markers for the three trials and in the joint analysis ranged from 44% to 63%. Nine markers associated with QRLs were identified in the first trial, 9 in the second, 7 in the third, and 13 when the experiments were analyzed jointly. In general, seven markers linked to resistance alleles were identified in these QRLs, with coefficients of regression ranging from 2.1% to 14.7%. Two trials were installed to estimate yield reduction, in a 2 × 5 factorial design. Treatments consisted of a combination of hybrids, susceptible and resistant, and three inoculation times (20, 40, 60 DAE), in addition to two controls. Significant differences in yield and ear weight occurred only for the susceptible hybrid when inoculated at 20 DAE. In this case, yield reductions were 16.1 and 20.2% for each trial compared to the non-inoculated control. No significant differences were observed for lesion length in any of the two hybrids as a function of inoculation date. It can therefore be concluded that losses caused by infection at the beginning of planting are not due to a greater severity of attack by the pathogen. This is the first report on the mapping of several QRLs to C. graminicola and on yield estimates for this pathogen in tropical maize.

ASSUNTO(S)

resistência genética mapeamento genético corn antracnose marcador molecular resistance genetic anthracnose milho mapping genetic molecular marker

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