Preparação e caracterização de materiais com base zeolítica para aplicação em catálise

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Today, heterogeneous catalysts are commonly used in chemical industries and became very important to several commercial processes. A key problem in catalysis is the evaluation of acid parameters in solid acids and their correlation with catalytic activity. This work involves the study of acidity for zeolites and heteropolyacids and their activity in model reactions (decane transformation and oleic acid esterification). Zeolites USY and BEA were characterized by ICP-AES, XRD, TG/DTG/DTA, 29Si and 27Al solid state NMR, FTIR, DRIFTS, and Cal-Ad (calorimetry and adsorption) of liquid phase pyridine. For this last technique, a commercial isoperibol calorimeter was modified to allow heterogeneous titrations. The results showed that both zeolites, when activated at 550 C, presented two different acid sites. For HUSY, both sites were assigned as Brønsted sites, and for zeolite BEA the stronger sites were related to Lewis acidity and the weaker to Brønsted acidity. It was shown that in zeolite BEA the strongest Brønsted sites, observed at lower activation temperature (450 C), are lost at 550 C. Cal-Ad analysis allowed to differentiate acid site families that are normally assigned as one by other techniques. Besides that, a correlation between Cal-Ad and TG/DTG acid parameters was obtained. The application of the catalysts in decane hydroisomerization-cracking reaction showed a high cracking activity despite their acidity differences. The insertion of Pt in the samples leads to catalysts with higher resistance towards deactivation, but less selective for decane isomerization. Linear correlations between decane conversion and Cal-Ad acid parameters were obtained. For the oleic acid esterification reaction, two new methods based on vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics to quantify ethyl oleate yield were developed. The catalytic tests showed good results for the heteropolyacids, but the zeolites showed poor activity, probably due to deactivation with water molecules or due to steric effects caused by the formation of dimers from oleic acid molecules.

ASSUNTO(S)

caracterização, acidez decano heteropoliácidos esterificação biodiesel quimica inorganica hidroisomerização-craqueamento zeólitas raman cal-ad

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