Proporções de nitrato e amônio na nutrição e produção dos capins aruana e marandu. / Nitrate and ammonium proportions for aruana and marandu grasses nutrition and production.
AUTOR(ES)
Jorge Henrique da Silva Santos
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2003
RESUMO
A greenhouse experiment was carried out in the Soils and Plant Nutrition Department, at ESALQ-USP from February to May 2002. The objective was to evaluate the response in relation to proportions of nitrate and ammonium in the nutrient solutions of Panicum maximum cv. Aruana and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Plants grew in a ground quartz substrate. The experiment was set in complete randomized block design, with four replications. Nitrogen at 210 mg L -1 was studied in proportions 100/0; 85/15; 70/30; 55/45; 40/60 and 25/75% of nitrate and ammonium, respectively. A complete Sarruge (1975) solution was modified to supply nitrogen in the studied proportions. Plants were harvest twice and plant tops was separated in emerging leaves, lamina of recently expanded leaves, lamina of mature leaves and steams plus sheaths. After the second harvest, roots were taken from the substrate and washed. During the growth period the nitrate reductase activity and SPAD units were determined and at the plant harvesting the number of tillers and leaves were counted and leaf area was measured. Dry matter yield was obtained in the oven, dry plants and the concentration of total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium were determined in the ground sample. Roots were evaluated for the total surface and length. Increases in the number of tillers and leaves were found with the 85/15 to 55/45 proportions of nitrate/ammonium. Leaf area and plant tops dry weight positively responded to the nitrogen supplied form 100/0 to 55/45 as nitrate/ammonium. Nitrate and ammonium applied in the 40/60 and 25/75 proportions showed the highest total nitrogen concentration in stems plus sheaths and the highest ammonium concentration in the lamina of mature leaves. Grasses production was decreased by the use of nitrate/ammonium at 25/75 proportion. The inclusion of ammonium as part of the nitrogen supply in the Sarruges nutrient solution is beneficial to the studied forage grasses.
ASSUNTO(S)
nutrition solution. aruana grass marandu grass nitrate solução nutritiva. nitrato capim aruana capim marandu amônio ammonium
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