Soil fumigation with mustard essential oil to control fusarium wilt of tomato / Fumigação de solo com óleo essencial de mostarda para o controle da murcha de fusário em tomateiro

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), is one of the major problems in tomato cultivation especially in green house crop. The soil infestation with this pathogen can make the green house cultivation unviable, therefore periodic fumigation is recommended to maintain low inoculum level in soil. This study was done to evaluate the fumigant effect of the mustard essential oil (MEO), containing 90% allyl isothiocyanate, to control Fol. In vitro bioassays were done to determine its effect on mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of conidia and clamydospores, with use of a wild Fol and benomyl resistant mutant (Folm). The fungal cultures in Petri plates were fumigated with different concentration of the MEO for 24 or 48 h, and then incubated in MEO free atmosphere. For all fungal propagules, the estimated DE50 was lowest if the fumigation was done for 48 h. The mycelium and conidia of the Fol were more susceptible to MEO than chlamydospores. The MEO did not affect sporulation. Fumigation with MEO was also evaluated for eradication of the chlamydospores of Folm in soil. Initially, the interaction between dose (0, 50, 100 or 150μL/L) and exposure time was determined (2, 4, 6 or 8 days). The soil infested with 2000 200 chlamydospores/g was placed in flasks, and after adding the requited amount of MEO the flasks were hermetically sealed. After each exposure period, the inoculum density of the fungus was determined by plating the soil dilutions on benomyl enriched galactosenitrate agar. The regression equation revealed that at dose of 125μL/L an exposure period of 5.4 days was required to eradicate Folm. To determine the fumigant effect of MEO in the green house, 20L of soil infested with 4000 250 chlamydospores/g was placed in the plastic bags of 30L, and treated with 0, 50, 100 or 150μL/L of MEO. The bags were then sealed and stored. After 7-days exposure period, the soil was distributed into 4L-plastic pots, and one 20-day old tomato seedling was transplanted into each pot. At 15-day interval, soil from each pot was sampled at 15-day interval to follow the population dynamic of the fungus. The disease progress was accompanied by leaf chlorophyll analysis leaves, and the final severity was evaluated by use of a numerical at the end of 60 days. It was found that the soil fumigation with 150μL/L of MEO reduced the Folm inoculum density by 95% and the disease severity was less than 15%.

ASSUNTO(S)

fusarium oxysporum tomate fusarium oxysporum fusarium wilt biological control mancha de fusarium tomato controle biológico fitopatologia

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