Uso de resíduo orgânico da produção de biodiesel direta da semente na atenuação dos efeitos de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo no solo. / Use of organic residue from the biodiesel production directly from the seed in the reduction of petroleum hydrocarbons effect in soil.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

In the search for energy resources that can minimize the environmental impact in the transportation, refining and distribution of fossil fuels, biodiesel is highlighted as an economically viable alternative and totally renewable if compared to petroleum. With the regulations of Law 11097, from 2005, Brazil became widely known as one of the planet largest producers of biofuels. However, the production of green fuels also generates waste that needs special attention, not only because of their risk when improperly discarded in the environment, but also for their potential use in agriculture as soil conditioner, for example. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the potential usage of the by-product (PDS cake) from the process of biodiesel production directly from the Ricinus communis L. seed in soil contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, through remediation technique of contaminated sites, and as an organic fertilizer on vegetal production as well. The production technique was developed and patented by the Brazilian company Petrobras and can be used not only for castor bean seeds, but also for any other oilseed. To accomplish the goals, the present study was held in different stages. First, the residue was characterized according to Brazilian regulation (ABNT/NBR 10.004:2004), and to compare its potential as organic fertilizer, the nutrients contents were quantified and compared to the limits in the country legislation. All the measurements in the residue (PDS cake) were compared to values form a castor bean cake from conventional oil extraction process. Later, laboratory tests with increasing doses of both residues (PDS cake and commercial castor bean cake) were carried out, to quantify the mineralization rate, measured by the CO2 evolution in soil contaminated and uncontaminated by oil (4%). Also, preliminary tests were performed in a greenhouse, where Ricinus communis L. and Helianthus annus L. plants grew in soil contaminated and uncontaminated by oil (4%), added of six increasing doses of PDS cake. The data analysis classified the residue as a Class B organic fertilizer compound, according to MAPAs federal Brazilian legislation. It was also verified that the increase of PDS cake doses stimulated the microbial activity, fostering in the oil plant experiment a linear increase of dry mass gain in stem, leaves and root in both plants non-submitted to contaminant. Plus, there was a change in the n-alkanes composition, in both laboratory and greenhouse tests. The results indicated that the PDS cake has applicability in the bioremediation processes and in nutrients cycling. However, the production process needs to be adjusted so that its application in the environment, as well as in the agriculture, would not be limited by the Na contents, used in this new biodiesel production route of Petrobrás.

ASSUNTO(S)

biofuels. ciencia do solo torta de mamona castor bean cake biocombustíveis. biorremediação bioremediation

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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