Variabilidade da condutividade hidráulica do solo em valores fixos de umidade e de potencial matricial. / Variability of soil hydraulic conductivity at fixed values of water content and pressure head.

AUTOR(ES)

Ana Lucia Berretta Hurtado

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The knowledge of the soil hydraulic conductivity is essential to modeling soil water movement. Soil hydraulic conductivity (K) varies with water content and has a high spatial variability as well, either in field or in laboratory determinations. It can be represented as a function of water content (θ) or pressure head (ψm). According to Poiseuille´s Law, the conductance of individual pores is strongly dependent on their diameters. Pore size distribution in a soil is described by its water retention curve, and the largest water containing pore defines pressure head. Therefore, the hypothesis of the present study is that if K is expressed at a fixed θ value, its variability is higher than if expressed at a fixed ψm value. With the purpose of testing the hypothesis, an experiment was carried out using the instantaneous profile method without evaporation (for 1050 hours) and with evaporation (for 401 hours) in different periods. The soil hydraulic conductivity was estimated at 48 locations, 1 m distant from each other on a straight line in a Typic Hapludox soil at the ESALQ/USP campus in Piracicaba/SP – Brazil. Pressure heads were obtained through tensiometry in five depths (from 0,075 to 0,675 m) and transformed in water contents by water retention curves determined close to each location. Data were processed by standard routines. The test with evaporation allowed the soil hydraulic conductivity estimation in surface layers at water contents lower than in the test without evaporation. The estimated values for K(θ) and K(ψ) were submitted to a descriptive analysis, and normalized by a log-transformation. As the density distribution was lognormal, the coefficient of variation was estimated to the log-transformed K values, and it was observed that in most cases the K(ψ) variability was less than the K(θ), in agreement with the hypothesis of this study. The coefficient of variation of the K values increased with the water content and the matric potential within the range of water contents evaluated.

ASSUNTO(S)

condutividade hidráulica do solo variabilidade espacial soil hydraulic conductivity umidade do solo teor de água water content spatial variability soil moisture

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