Central Pattern Generators
Mostrando 1-12 de 15 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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1. Arquitetura neural para controle da locomoção de um robô quadrúpede baseada em referências biológicas / Neural Architecture for the Locomotion Control of a Quadruped Robot Based on Biological References
A natureza é uma fonte inesgotável de soluções elegantes para os mais diversos problemas, da aparente simplicidade do formato do ovo, que garante maior segurança ao organismo em desenvolvimento, à evidente complexidade do sistema nervoso humano, que é capaz de pensar sobre problemas e encontrar soluções para eles. Neste trabalho foram aplicados mode
Publicado em: 2007
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2. Comportamento complexo em centros geradores de padrões / Complex behavior in central pattern generators
Realizamos simulações computacionais de modelos da atividade elétrica de centros geradores de padrões para investigar o fato experimental de organismos vivos utilizarem neurônios caóticos para produzir padrões periódicos. Centros geradores de padrões biológicos produzem atividades motoras periódicas que devem ser robustas a pequenas flutuações d
Publicado em: 2005
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3. Interaction between central pattern generators for breathing and swallowing in the cat.
1. We examined the interaction between central pattern generators for respiration and deglutition in decerebrate, vagotomized, paralysed and ventilated cats (n = 10), by recording activity from the following nerves: hypoglossal, phrenic, thyroarytenoid and triangularis sterni. Fictive breathing was spontaneous with carbon dioxide above the apnoeic threshold
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4. Isolation of components due to intracortical processing in the visual evoked potential.
A class of stochastic visual textures are used to analyze the components of the visual evoked potential (VEP). This procedure exploits the differential sensitivity of populations of visual neurons to aspects of contrast and pattern. A simple transformation of VEP responses elicited by these stimuli separates components that reflect complex aspects of visual
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5. Current source density analysis of linear and non-linear components of the primate electroretinogram.
1. We have used the method of current source density analysis to locate the generators of harmonic electroretinogram (ERG) responses to contrast-modulated pattern and uniform-field stimuli in the primate retina. 2. Sinusoidal steady-state analysis was used, with a stimulus temporal frequency of 8 Hz. Fundamental and second-harmonic response components were m
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6. Activation of the central pattern generators for locomotion by serotonin and excitatory amino acids in neonatal rat.
1. The role of serotonin (5-HT) and excitatory amino-acids (EAAs) in the activation of the neural networks (i.e. the central pattern generators) that organize locomotion in mammals was investigated in an isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparation from the newborn rat. 2. The neuroactive substances were bath applied and the activity of fictive locomotion was
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7. Power spectral analysis of respiratory responses to pharyngeal stimulation in cats: comparisons with eupnoea and gasping.
1. Based on similarities between properties of gasping and the aspiration reflex, we hypothesized that this reflex activates the central pattern generator for gasping. To evaluate this hypothesis, we have analysed high-frequency oscillations in phrenic and hypoglossal neural activities. These oscillations, analysed by power and coherence spectra, are conside
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8. Inhibition and Recurrent Excitation in a Computational Model of Sparse Bursting in Song Nucleus HVC
The telencephalic premotor nucleus HVC is situated at a critical point in the pattern-generating premotor circuitry of oscine songbirds. A striking feature of HVC's premotor activity is that its projection neurons burst extremely sparsely. Here we present a computational model of HVC embodying several central hypotheses: 1) sparse bursting is generated in bi
American Physiological Society.
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9. 5-HT2C-Like Receptors in the Brain of Xenopus laevis Initiate Sex-Typical Fictive Vocalizations
Vocalizations of male and female African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) are generated by brain stem central pattern generators. Serotonin (5-HT) is likely important for vocal initiation because, when applied in vitro, sex-typical fictive vocalizations are evoked from isolated brains. To explore the mechanisms underlying vocal initiation, we identified the typ
American Physiological Society.
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10. GABAergic inactivation of the central pattern generators for locomotion in isolated neonatal rat spinal cord.
1. Experiments were performed using an isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparation from newborn rats, in order to study the GABAergic control of the spinal neuronal networks that generate locomotor rhythms in mammals. Locomotor-like activities were recorded in the ventral roots, and the various neurochemical compounds were added to the superfusion saline. 2.
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11. Predictions of Phase-Locking in Excitatory Hybrid Networks: Excitation Does Not Promote Phase-Locking in Pattern-Generating Networks as Reliably as Inhibition
Phase-locked activity is thought to underlie many high-level functions of the nervous system, the simplest of which are produced by central pattern generators (CPGs). It is not known whether we can define a theoretical framework that is sufficiently general to predict phase-locking in actual biological CPGs, nor is it known why the CPGs that have been charac
American Physiological Society.
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12. Identification and Characterization of a New Organic Hydroperoxide Resistance (ohr) Gene with a Novel Pattern of Oxidative Stress Regulation from Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
We have isolated a new organic hydroperoxide resistance (ohr) gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli. This was done by complementation of an Escherichia coli alkyl hydroperoxide reductase mutant with an organic hydroperoxide-hypersensitive phenotype. ohr encodes a 14.5-kDa protein. Its amino acid sequence shows high homology with several proteins of u
American Society for Microbiology.